Military Colleges & Schools
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Reference Notes
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A military academy is an educational institution that's oriented
toward military subjects set in a paramilitary ethos that's
designed to instill leadership characteristics in its students,
typically as preparation for service as officers in the armed
forces. Although the phrase military
school primarily refers to pre-collegiate
institutions [cf: military college], the phrase
military academy can refer to any level
of educational institution, private or publicly funded, from
grammar through graduate, including state or national government
sponsorship.
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| Date |
Name of School |
| 1739 |
Scuola di Applicazione Militare, Turin, Italy (originally the
Royal Schools of Artillery and Fortifications, later the
School of Artillery and Military Engineering, founded by
Carlo Emanuele II, King of Sardinia; formed by the merger of
these schools with the Parma Infantry School and
Pinerolo Cavalry School) [cf: The Granatieri Corps
(1659, derived grenade) by Duke Carlo Emanuele II; The
Carabinieri Corps (1814, derived carbine and sword) by
King Vittorio Emanuele I; The Bersaglieri Corps (1836, derived
targets) by General Alessandro Lamarmora; The Alpini
Corps (1872, derived mountain) by General Giuseppe
Perrucchetti] |
| 1741 |
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England (commonly known as
The Shop for engineer and artillery; motto: Serve to
Lead; closed 1939, merged with Royal Military College at
Sandhurst after WWII hiatus) |
| 1748-9 |
Ecole du Corps Royal du Geme, Mezieres, France (closed by
Robespierre) |
| 1750 |
Krigsskolen [Norwegian Military Academy], Norway (motto: Si
Vis Pacem, Para Bellum — Let him who desires peace
prepare for war.) |
| 1751 |
Ecole Royale Militaire, Paris, France (founded by Louis XV,
closed by Robespierre) |
| 1790 |
Academia Real de Fortificao e Defesso, Portugal (formed an
all-arms cadet college in 1837) |
| 1794 |
Ecole Polytechnique (originally Ecole Centrale des
Travauz Publics) |
| 1799 |
Royal Military College, Marlow and High Wycombe, England
(prompted by Gespard Le Merchant; closed 1939, merged with Royal
Military Academy at Sandhurst after WWII hiatus) |
| 1802 |
United States Military Academy, West Point, NY (motto:
Duty, Honor, Country; not actually opened with cadets
attending until 1812 due to American distrust of a
professional army) |
| 1806 |
Kriegsakademie [Prussian Military Academy], Berlin, Germany
(founded by Gerhard von Scharnhorst, by conversion of the earlier
Ritterakadamie, the 16th century cadet house
institution; v: von Clausewitz, von Steinmetz, von Moltke, von
Blumenthal) |
| 1808 |
Ecole Speciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (or Saint Cyr l'Ecole;
commonly known as ESM [Special Military School] or Saint-Cyr),
Coetquidan, France (moved to Brittany from Saint-Cyr in 1945;
founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, the Little Corporal) |
| 1809 |
East India Company Military Seminary, Addiscombe, England
(patterned on the Royal Military Academy; closed 1861) |
| 1812 |
Greenbrier Military School, Lewisburg, WV [originated as
Greenbrier Academy (perhaps as early as 1808), also
known as The Brick Academy, and later incorporated
nearby Lee Military Academy; name changed to
Greenbrier Presbyterial Military School from 1906-22,
then reverted; closed 1972] |
| 1819 |
Norwich University, Northfield, VT (founded as the
American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy until
1834), later incorporating the Military College of
Vermont (known as the birthplace of ROTC; motto:
I Will Try; renamed Lewis College during
1880-4, reverted until its 1898 renaming as the Military
College of the State of Vermont; became racially integrated
in 1916; a mountain and cold weather warfare unit was added in
1947; became coeducational in 1974) |
| 1823 |
Heroic Military College, Mexico City, Mexico (commemorating
the cadets [niuos heróicos] who fought the Americans in
the 1847 Battle of Chapultepec in the Mexican War) |
| 1828 |
Jefferson College, Washington, MS (closed) |
| 1828 |
New Jersey Institution, Orange, NJ (closed) |
| 1829 |
Richland School, Rice Springs, SC (closed) |
| 1829 |
Western Literary and Scientific Institution, Buffalo, NY
(closed) |
| 1836 |
Carson Long Military Institute, PA (formerly New
Bloomfield Academy) |
| 1839 |
Virginia Literary, Scientific and Military Academy,
Portsmouth, VA (closed 1846) |
| 1839 |
Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA (also known as the
West Point of the South; motto: Consilio et Animis
— By Wisdom and Courage; closed from June 1864 to
October 1865 due to destruction during the Civil War; became
coeducational in 1997) |
| 1840 |
Collegiate and Commercial Institute, New Haven, CT
(closed) |
| 1840 |
The Arrow Rock Military Academy, Arrow Rock, MO (closed) |
| 1842 |
Pennsylvania Literary, Scientific and Military Academy,
Bristol, PA (closed 1845) |
| 1842 |
The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina,
Charleston, SC (established as the South Carolina Military
Academy; designated the Battalion of State Cadets
under the governor during the Civil War; closed during the period
of Reconstruction 1865-82; renamed in 1910; became racially
integrated in 1966 and coeducational in 1996) |
| 1842 |
Marion Military Institute, Marion, AL |
| 1842 |
Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, VA (re: Virginia Women's
Institute for Leadership 1995) |
| 1844 |
Saint Louis Military Academy, St. Louis, MO (closed) |
| 1844 |
Kemper Military School and College, Boonville, MO
(closed) |
| 1845 |
Pennsylvania Military Institute, Harrisburg, PA (closed
1848) |
| 1845 |
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD |
| 1846 |
Wilmington Literary, Scientific and Military Academy,
Wilmington, DE (closed 1848) |
| 1847 |
Mount Sterling Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, Mt.
Sterling, KY (closed) |
| 1850 |
Scientific and Military Collegiate Institute, Reading, PA
(closed 1854) |
| 1850 |
Gymnasium and Military Institute, Pembroke, NH (closed
1853) |
| 1852 |
Oak Ridge Military Academy, NC |
| 1853 |
National Scientific and Military Academy, Brandywine Springs,
DE (closed) |
| 1854 |
King's Mountain Military School, Yorkville, SC (closed) |
| 1859 |
North Carolina Military Institute, Charlotte, NC
(closed) |
| 1860 |
Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy,
LA |
| 1862 |
the Justin Smith Morrill Land-Grant College Act, based upon
earlier proposals by George Clinton (1783), Alden Partridge
(1841), and Jonathan B. Turner (1851), mandated military training
as a supplement to the agricultural and industrial education
authorized in state supported institutions |
| 1872 |
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University, Blacksburg,
VA (also known as Virginia Tech and
V-Tech) |
| 1873 |
North Georgia College and State University, Dahlonega,
GA |
| 1874 |
State University of New York Maritime College, Fort Schuyler,
Throggs Neck, Bronx, NY (formerly known as New York Maritime
College) |
| 1874 |
New York Nautical School, Long Island, NY (academic portion
becoming State University of New York [SUNY] and maritime portion
transferred to U.S. Merchant Marine Academy) |
| 1874 |
Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada |
| 1876 |
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX |
| 1876 |
United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT (known as
United States Revenue Cutter Service School of
Instruction until 1915) |
| 1879 |
Georgia Military College, Milledgeville, GA |
| 1879 |
Chamberlain-Hunt Academy, MS |
| 1879 |
Fishburne Military School, Waynesboro, VA |
| 1880 |
Wentworth Military Academy and Junior College, Lexington,
MO |
| 1883 |
LaSalle Military Academy , NY (closed) |
| 1884 |
Howe Military School, IN |
| 1884 |
Saint John's and Northwestern Military Academy, WI (formerly
separate St. John's Military Academy and
Northwestern Military Academy) |
| 1885 |
Saint Thomas Academy, MN |
| 1887 |
Saint John's Military School, KS |
| 1889 |
Missouri Military Academy, MO |
| 1889 |
New York Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY (founded by
Charles Jefferson Wright; becoming coeducational in 1975) |
| 1889 |
Saint Catherine's Military School, CA |
| 1891 |
New Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, NM |
| 1891 |
Pennsylvania Nautical School, PA |
| 1892 |
Randolph-Macon Academy, VA |
| 1893 |
Texas Military Institute, TX |
| 1893 |
Millersburg Military Institute, KY |
| 1893 |
Massachusetts Nautical School, MA |
| 1894 |
Culver Military Academy, IN |
| 1895 |
Scotland School, Scranton, PA (for orphans of veterans;
closed 2008) |
| 1898 |
Fork Union Military Academy, VA |
| 1898 |
Lyman Ward Military Academy, AL |
| 1899 |
Massanutten Military Academy, VA |
| 1907 |
Riverside Military Academy, GA |
| 1907 |
San Marcos Baptist Academy, TX |
| 1909 |
Hargrave Military Academy, VA |
| 1910 |
Army and Navy Academy, CA |
| 1911 |
Royal Military College, Duntroon, Canberra, Australia |
| 1914 |
Association of Military Colleges and Schools |
| 1916 |
Reserve Officer's Training Corps (ROTC) formed by the
National Defense Act |
| 1917 |
Free Training Schools for Merchant Marine Officers (OCS-type
course administered by United States Shipping Board for WWI
emergency service; terminated 1921) |
| 1928 |
Valley Forge Military Academy and College, Wayne, PA (motto:
Courage, Honor, Conquer; founded by LTG Milton G. Baker;
formerly situated in Devon, but relocated to the site of the old
Saint Luke's School) |
| 1933 |
Admiral Farragut Academy, FL |
| 1933 |
Marmion Academy, IL |
| 1938 |
United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, Long
Island, NY (1874 New York Nautical School and other maritime
training centers, together with 1917-1921 Free Training Schools
for Merchant Marine Officers administered by the United States
Shipping Board, coalesced into 1938 founding of Merchant Marine
Cadet Corps, graduating first class in 1942 and dedicating
Academy campus in 1943) |
| 1947 |
Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England (motto: Serve
to Lead; combined establishment after WWII hiatus) |
| 1954 |
United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO |
| 1957 |
Camden Military Academy, SC |
| 1959 |
Antilles Military Academy, PR |
| 1961 |
Florida Air Academy, FL |
| 1963 |
American Military Academy, PR |
| 1965 |
Marine Military Academy, TX |
Fictitious Military Academies
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Bunker Hill Military Academy (in movie Taps, filmed at
Valley Forge Military Academy) |
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Davidson Military Academy (in movie Damien: Omen II,
filmed at Northwestern Military Academy and St. John's Military
Academy [now merged into St. John's Northwestern Military
Academy]; Northwestern was founded by Harlan Page Davidson) |
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Kent Military School (in movie Child's Play 3, filmed
at Kemper Military School and College, Boonville, MO [closed in
2002]) |
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Rommelwood Military Academy (in The Secret War of Lisa
Simpson episode of The Simpsons) |
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Carolina Military Institute (from book and movie The Lords
of Discipline by Pat Conroy, based on The Citadel) |
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